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3) play with the DBMS.

For the first time I am faced with Northwind , many different definitions in his blog, "is a database containing the tables to be used as a test, easily erasable" or the more concise 'is the Word of the DB hello ".. ok ..
is a Northwind database (this is a set of data and objects, contains tables, queries, forms, reports, pages, macros and modules) and a project (an Access file is linked to a Microsoft SQL Server to create client applications / server) Access which contains data relating to sales of
a fictitious company called Northwind Traders, which imports and exports specialty foods around the world. From the view of objects in the Northwind database can be drawn inspiration to create custom databases for their own needs.
: To create a new DB operations were not too difficult, however, given the elementary exercise: building Access database with data about enrollment, registrations and registrations at the Sapienza University.
File -> new; DB -> empty; appointed by my name and then saved, and creates the table in Design view, create table with the wizard and creates the table with direct entry of data. I so drawn to Access a double entry table. Which is good to encode each element may
CS = code 1, 2 Stat code, code 3 Wis.
year 2207-2008 = code 1, code 2 2008-2009, 2009-2010 code 3.
.. the goal is to eliminate redundancy in order to analyze / edit data in a consistent way, in this case allows an analysis for both years and for faculty. With Northwind, you can create relationships between different data from the various tables, but it should be noted that the data "split" into different tables must be joined by a code (the relationship between Primary Key and Foreign Key. The relationship is between 1 to n the primary key and all the foreign keys). The normalization

Col Normalization is the process of organizing data in the database. You create tables, you define the relationships between them based on rules designed to protect data and make the database flexible by eliminating redundancy and inconsistent dependencies.
The presence of redundant data results in a waste of disk space and maintenance problems of Db. If you must change the data in different tables, the change must always be in the same way. It is easier to make a change on the address / phone of a student if the students are all stored in the same table and with a certain mode.
It 'important to keep in mind what an "inconsistent dependency" because it certainly is intuitive for a user to look in the Students table to address a specific student, but can not make sense to look in that table information identifying the qualification the parents of that student. Such information is related to the student but will be placed in another table linked to the first by a code that the joints. But if you decide not to make a real normalization, please make sure that the application is able to prevent possible problems arising, such as redundant data and inconsistent dependencies.
The denormalization
From the speech made so far suggests that the quality of a Db is directly proportional to the distribution of data in the reports. The question, however, is more complex because the splitter data in reports following the task of reconstruction of the original information.
There is talk of denormalization, the operation that leads to merge attributes belonging to different relations in a single report to better performance on our investigation on the basis of data.
A case of denormalization occurs with the creation of attributes that contain data from other reports. This can be accomplished through the query : Question a database to obtain the data contained in one or more databases. Usually, a query is passed to the DBMS in SQL (Structured Query Language). And 'so the command being sent to the DBMS and requires a denormalized table!
If we consider our database with faculty and students, to know which option is written each time a student should have the power associated with tuples from the report particular student.
(A tuple is a generic element of a relationship with attributes in a relational database. It is the basic entity that must be stored in the database. Es: zoo = 'wolf', 'elephant', 'penguin'. The variable refers to a zoo tuple of elements (values)). An alternative solution would be to store the number directly in the report "students", increasing it each new year or less confirmed when your registration to which ones may. In this way access to such information would be immediate. But you know, everything has a cost! The denormalization increases the complexity of software that uses the database, because it will be directly responsible for updating the data, and therefore increase the risk of inconsistency of data stored.

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2) Spreadsheet Vs DBMS! Open Source vs. Proprietary Software!

part of the application software of a category that has become one of the most successful Spreadsheet . These are used for applications in many areas of economic, financial, scientific, engineering. As often happens in computing, they are called in different ways spreadsheets, spreadsheet, worksheet.
We can define the spreadsheet as the extension of a pocket calculator but with tools and commands great power and flexibility. When you start a spreadsheet is presented to us in front of a table characterized by rows and columns in which you can enter data and perform calculations. If I think of a spreadsheet I can think of a notebook with squares in each square you can enter a number, letter or part of a formula. The number of rows and columns is very high (65,536 rows and 256 columns), so you can create works of considerable size. Examples of
Spreadshhet: Microsoft Excel; Visicalc, Lotus 1-2-3. The
Database Management System (DBMS) is instead a software system designed to enable the efficient creation and manipulation of databases, usually by multiple users. And 'the control system of a data set. The DBMS play a key role in many computer applications ranging from accounting to human resources management and finance to technical contexts such as network management or telephony. In the past
DBMS were broadcast mainly in large companies and institutions, as these were the only ones who could afford the purchase of large hardware infrastructure necessary to build a database system efficiently, today their use has spread almost everywhere.
A DBMS is a set of very complex software programs that monitor: - the organization, storage and retrieval of data in a database;
- control the security and integrity of the database;
- accept requests for data by the application program and train the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.
Examples of DBMS: Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Access (always of the Office package). We
sottoilineare Another important distinction between the proprietary products and Opensource products. The term Proprietary Software going to show all the software that the restrictions imposed by the owner of the software for the note about the use, modification, reproduction or redistribution. These restrictions are obtained through legal or technical means.
* Technical means: it makes public only the binary code of the software but you do not provide the source code, which is considered a trade secret. Thus the modification of the software is very difficult and you can have if you have access to high computer skills.
* Legal means: licenses, copyrights and patents.
Examples of proprietary software: Microsoft Office, RealPlayer, WinZip.
Turning to Open Source (English word, open source) .. This term refers to a software whose authors or copyright holders, allow and encourage the study and free to modify it by third parties the software in question. But open source does not just mean access to the source code of a program because of a software license, must meet the following criteria:
- free distribution, without discrimination of any kind to persons / groups;
- provide the source code source;
- the rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed;
- the license must not place restrictions on other software distributed with the licensed software ..
Examples of open source software: MySQL (database), Sun Microsystems, IBM.

are two distinct business approaches, one is not "better": the Open Source sells the service (the product is free and the business consulting company), the Product Owner sells the product (advice is free).

to talk through some numbers to reference the article on "fall" of the inscriptions at the University La Sapienza, place the following tables in respect of entries and registrations that are had the year 2007-2008 to the current year in the Faculty of Communication Sciences, in one of Statistics and the situation of Wisdom as a whole, taking into account all the universities:

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so dedicated to a person

Sometimes you just need a second and sometimes a lifetime to understand who you are facing.
sometimes live with illusions and just when we discover what this mirror is broken but we should see some time ..

It seems that sometimes the world revolves around us and at one point everything was becoming just a memory with the world ...
Sometimes we wake up and realize that we live in a world that we never would have expected.

We can be strong, capable, smart or good magicians, but we will never
to cheat our fate
because it is he who is smarter than us.
not others.

... sometimes just a small gesture to discover that deep a smile can change your day ...
... the touch of a child, a hug and other small gestures with their delicacy we transmit strong emotions.

Sometimes we fall asleep we were so calm that morning again.
Other times we are afraid to wake up.
everything is not always as it seems.
The important thing is knowing that every day we grow
and this is the greatest gift that we are allowed.
Only then can we understand how beautiful and great simplicity.

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1) The Fall of the University ....???

L and university enrollment in recent years have dropped sharply and this is a fact.

Istat data: show that in just two years, while the number of Italian students who have graduated has grown considerably, the number of members universities fell by 4.4%. The Istat and the Ministry of Education confirmed fact that the number of students promoted a graduation examination has increased substantially and that, contrary to university inputs have decreased. In the current academic year, comparing students who entered with the graduates of the previous year, only two out of three students (67 percent) chose to continue their education after high school. Two years ago the percentage was higher: more than 75 percent. But the loss of interest in pursuing a career training college that causes can be behind him? It 's true that the universities, the formanzione all life learning, graduating, do not attract more young people?

sure is that the promise of a future business and consistent with appropriate qualification attained does not seem to be maintained and in response folds elsewhere.

In Italy, the number of registrations in academic year 2008/2009 saw a record low score of the last seven years, in fact only the last two years the enrollment in universities declined by over 4% per academic year. Speaking through the numbers we can see that the registered fall in 2006/2007 were 326,500, in 2008/2009 were 312mila. Looking at the current year, 2009/2010 to 30,662 are registered at the university, then actually the situation is not so gray. You should worry about something else! For example the type of training and education can achieve that Italian students, the education system abnormalities Italy, a constructive dialogue with other European educational systems and not.

If we take into account the Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science for the excellence and Communication Sciences, humanist par excellence, the decline is equally important or not? I data show us that:

-The first sees the number of registered very slight decline from the point of view of registration both for the registration renewal for subsequent years .

-The second situation is one more "dramatic" registrations have grown from 1208 to the faculty of the academic year 2007-08, with 833 of those who have enrolled in the course degree this year. Cala also the number of those who continue their training: from 5671 to 4080 of the academic year 07/08 current. And here the numbers are significant and the explanatory power in place.

The contrast between the employment opportunities promised by training a sociological / humanistic and those offered by a concrete path to scientific and technical make more a difference! In fact, the Faculty of Sociology in registrations are suffering is that in the years after enrollment, while the complex of the Faculty united under the great name of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, sees his numbers remain constant. Compared to the 2007/08 academic year 2009/2010 Architecture enrolled in the fall, Law, Engineering, Humanities, Psychology, Political Science, with a parallel increase in subscriptions to Economics, Pharmacy, Medicine and Surgery, Oriental Studies.

And then in addition to science, is becoming more valuable language skills. Behind the choice of university student, the big question: "study what I like" your "study that will make me work." "The answer my friend is blowing in the wind."

But I come to reiterate that the beyond personal choices and situations, we should ask what is the situation of Italian universities? What are the issues that affect? E 'or may be a point of excellence?

.. a few lines to expose a big problem ..

The faculties are as poor in terms of structural, technical and logistical resources are limited and scarce and suffers teaching and learning, the student accordingly. Funding if / when they arrive can not place permanent solutions to large gaps. (IlSolo24Ore)

is penalized research is to deny the development potentials of students and do not provide significant employment opportunities, linked to the continuation of their university career. All this is closely linked to the lack of meritocracy, which dominates in the academic career, as in many other areas of the Italian system (for example, in PA, but this time without controversy that is). In those circumstances, one might think that the many appeals brain drain, rhetoric is not only bland, but a concrete reality, now the second time over / under estimated, but that it could become a growing phenomenon and burdensome. E 'on the run from Italy, 7% of graduates / doctors, but the data tell us that England saw leave the homeland as much as 15% of its young and Ireland salutes a graduate in four. But young people of these countries, where they go? In Italy? If we consider the data against, what they tell us our worth Italy for foreigners in the UK 16 out of 100 graduates from abroad, in Ireland 18%! In Switzerland and Canada, the foreign brains are 1 in 4.

In Italy we are at 6%, half the OECD average. So: we export less skills abroad and are unable to attract skills.

It 'clear that addressing an issue like this, which has its origins rooted in the Italian situation and not happy, would address the problem looking for a solution that would lead to more funding, attention to research, content, experiences, improvement of facilities and the organizational environment, to compete with international standards but rather to promote education quality Italian.