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"Stalin, History and criticism of a black legend" of D. Losurdo. The sacrificial

Finally, during the period when it is fashionable to shoot zero on the Communists, the Resistance, on the history of the USSR, without even caring whether or not it is true what you said, a book written by 'distinguished Professor Domenico Losurdo, opens a starting point for reflection on the most controversial and demonized figure in the history of the labor movement: the revolutionary giorgiano Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili , better known as Stalin. A name that is synonymous with the gulag, tyranny, deportations: in short, a ruthless and bloody dictator, feared and loved in life as opposed and ridiculed after death.
Losurdo's book, trying to go beyond the banalities of propaganda, both historically reconstructs Stalin's the story that the image of the 'man of steel "in the course of history itself. Immediately after his death, in fact, true and admired mourning was general. So admired that the author said in a statement of Alcide De Gasperi (who had recognized the qualities of great military organization), not suspected of communist sympathies, who literally said: "When I see that while Hitler and Mussolini men persecuted for their race, and invented the appalling anti-Jewish legislation that we know, and I see both the Russians made up of 160 races try to merge these races overcoming the differences between Asia and the 'Europe, this attempt, this effort towards the unification of human society, let me say: this is a Christian, this is eminently universal in the sense of Catholicism "(p. 13). Admiration was shared by politicians such as Winston Churchill, Averell Harrimann (U.S. Ambassador to Moscow from 1945 to 46) and even by intellectuals such as Norberto Bobbio, Benedetto Croce and Hannah Arendt (who had changed radically its point of view).
This positive outlook, apologetics, suffers a reversal in a moment of history: the cold war, the speech made by Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev February 25, 1956 at the XX Congress of the CPSU, the famous report, which painted Stalin as a bloody dictator, vain and mediocre from the intellectual point of view, a distorted picture of leadership that allowed the credit as "sole repository of revolutionary legitimacy" (p. 17). The allegations against the Secretary of the Communist propaganda was reinforced by his defeated rival and intellectuals that was heavily influenced by these, that Trotsky. All the blame on Stalin allowed also does not address some of the historical nodes, which certainly did not meet a strict reading of the texts and a cast of Marx and Lenin, as, for example, there were the strengthening of the rule instead of its extinction, the force of identity national (well analyzed by Stalin himself) states at the expense of a simplified view of internationalism: the reading interest of the Twentieth Congress allowed to shift all the contradictions at work in the infamous dictator disappeared. The book does justice to some ridiculous statements of anticommunist propaganda, brings the discussion on the historical level (complex grafting of the Revolution in the history of pre-Soviet Russia and the First World War) refutes some passages of the speech by Khrushchev and some legends about the early days of Operation Barbarossa (it is alleged that Stalin had almost withdrawn from their responsibilities because it personally affected by the treachery of the Germans, in fact, from documents and testimony show the exact opposite) . On the other tragedies, including the gulag and forced collectivization of the countryside by the creation of a massive industrial infrastructure, considering the climate of war and emergency since the beginning of the Soviet Revolution, from attempted coup, the invasion of white troops, is faced with the need to develop the nation even to be able to better defend against attacks. The same political struggle between Trotsky and other Bolsheviks waged against Stalin was not on the simple plan dialectical, but brought the country to the brink of civil war (ten years from October 1917 Trotsky was preparing a real coup): the trials, purges, terror, was it "justified" by Churchill and the Americans (think Ambassador Davies stated that the existence of conspiracies antistaliniani) and De Gasperi on the basis of information in their possession.
Other facts are discussed in the text, which places the story in the context of Russian history and the labor movement: it is not a revisionist book, it disappointed those who expected to find the denial of some sad episodes. It 's a difficult essay, written by a historian who compare these events to contemporary situations (there are also interesting pages on the history of Western colonialism and slavery, concentration camps and the massacres carried out by the predecessors of the apologists of the free market, pages history forgotten by the pundits of "democracy" as the extermination of the communists in Indonesia after Suharto's coup in 1965, backed by the Americans), which demolishes once and for all, the most infamous accusation against Stalin, to be more or less similar to Hitler and his Nazi regime.
You can also find news about the gulag that they jump off the chair, an analysis of the Ukrainian famine and is treated the Stalin's relationship with the Jews (is rebutted the accusation by many that the Secretary of the Communist Party was an anti-Semite): not least, also a series of questions posed by historians of the "right" (for example, French F. Furet) the link between violence and revolution (the Jacobins and the French Revolution of Thermidor), and certain aspects of Marxism itself.
The book closes with an essay by Canfora that makes some interesting observations on the fall of the USSR and the countries associated with it, an analysis that anyone who engages with the history of communism and its possible future revival can not be considered ( where it mentions a real betrayal of the last Secretary of the CPSU, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ).
The text, for anyone who wanted to investigate the events in question, and comes with many notes at the bottom there is an extensive bibliography.

D. Losurdo, "Stalin. History and criticism of a black legend", Carocci Editore, Rome 2008.

Convert Pendant To Track

fury of Israel and its victims in Gaza (Ilan Pappe *)

I get this article and willingly place here ....

"My visit back home in Galilee, coincided with the genocidal Israeli attack against Gaza. The state, through its media and with the help of academics, issued a unanimous voice - even stronger than that heard during the criminal attack against Lebanon in the summer of 2006. Israel is once again devoured by a sacrificial fury that results in destructive policies in the Gaza Strip.

This self-justification for the appalling inhumanity and impunity is not only disconcerting, but it is a subject on which linger if you want to understand the international immunity to the slaughter raging in Gaza. E 'based on lies, first transmitted in a mere Newspeak that recalls the darkest days of Europe 1930. A newsletter every half hour on radio and television described the victims as terrorists in Gaza and the killing of hundreds of people as an act of self-defense. Israel presents itself his people as the sacrificial victim who defends himself against a great evil.

The academic world is recruited to explain the demonic and monstrous is the Palestinian struggle, whether it is led by Hamas. These are the same scholars who demonized the last Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat in the first period and delegitimize his Fatah movement during the second Palestinian intifada. But the lies and distorted representations are not the worst part of all this.

What angers most is the direct attack on the last traces of humanity and dignity of the Palestinian people. The Palestinians in Israel have shown their solidarity with the people of Gaza and are now branded as a fifth column in the Jewish state, their right to remain in their country is called into doubt because of their lack of support for Israeli aggression.

Those who have accepted - wrongly, in my opinion, to appear in the local media have questioned and questioned, as if they were prisoners in the prisons of the Shin Bet. Their appearance was preceded and followed by humiliating and racist remarks are subject to accusations of being a fifth column, a fanatical and irrational people. And yet this is not the most vile practice. There are some Palestinian children treated for cancer of the occupied territories in Israeli hospitals. God knows what price they have to pay to be able to shelter their families. Israeli radio goes every day in hospitals to require poor parents to tell listeners what has Israel in its right in his attack on Israel and Hamas is as demonic in his defense.

There are no limits to hypocrisy that produces a sacrificial fury. The speeches of the generals and politicians are moving erratically between complacency on the one hand humanity shows that the army in its operations "surgical" and the other on the need to destroy Gaza once and for all, of course, in a way human. This sacrificial fury is a constant phenomenon in the Israeli expropriation, and even before the Zionist Palestine. Every action, whether it ethnic cleansing, occupation, massacre or destruction has always been represented as morally correct and how the simple act of self-defense committed by Israel against his will in the war against the worst kind of human beings. In his excellent book "The results of Zionism: Myths, Politics and Culture in Israel," Gabi Piterberg examines the ideological origins and the historical progression of this fury. sacrificial.

Today in Israel, from right to left, from Likud to Kadima, from academia to the media, you can listen to this sacrificial fury of a state that is much more busy than any other state in the world and resulting in the destruction of a population native. It 's very important to examine the ideological origins of this behavior and to derive from his widely known, the necessary political conclusions. This fury is a sacrificial shield for society and for politicians in Israel from censure or external criticism. But even worse, is always translated into policies of destruction against the Palestinians. With no internal mechanism of criticism and without any external pressure, any Palestinian becomes a potential target of this fury. Given the firepower of the Jewish state can only end in more massive killings, massacres and ethnic cleansing.

The absence of any morality is a powerful act of self-denial and justification. This explains why the Israeli society can not be changed by words of wisdom, logic or persuasion of diplomatic dialogue.

And if you do not want to use violence as a means of opposition, there is only one way forward: challenges head-on this absence of morality as an evil ideology intended to hide human atrocities. Another name for this ideology is Zionism and the only way to counter this lack of morality is to blame the international Zionism, not only of particular Israeli policies.

We must try to explain not only the world but also to the Israelis that Zionism is an ideology involving ethnic cleansing, occupation, and now massive massacres.

What is needed now is not so much a condemnation of this massacre. but also the de-legitimization of the ideology that has produced such policy and the morally and politically justified. We hope that important voices in the world can say that this ideology of the Jewish state and the overall conduct of the state is intolerable and unacceptable and that as long as they continue, Israel will be banned and subject to penalties. But I'm not naive. I know that the massacre of hundreds of innocent Palestinians will not be sufficient to produce this change in Western public opinion, is even more unlikely that crimes committed in Gaza move European governments to change their policy towards Palestine.

But we can not let 2009 be another year, significantly less than in 2008, the year of commemoration of the Nakba, which has failed to realize that we all had high hopes for its potential to transform the behavior of the western world towards Palestine and the Palestinians. It seems that even the most horrendous crimes, like genocide in Gaza is treated as a separate event, unrelated to anything that has already happened in the past and is not associated with an ideology or a system.

In this new year, we have groped to relocate the public understanding of the history of Palestine and the evils of the Zionist ideology as the best means for explaining operations such as genocide in Gaza is to prevent the worst things in the future.

This has already been done at an academic level. Our biggest challenge is to find an effective way to explain the connections between the Zionist ideology and policies of destruction of the past with the present crisis. It may be easier to do while in these terrible circumstances, the world's attention is directed once again to Palestine.

could be even more difficult when the situation seems to be "Calmer" and less dramatic.

In moments "quiet", the focus of short duration on the edge of the Western media would once again the Palestinian tragedy is disregard for the horrific genocide in Africa or the global economic and ecological doomsday scenarios for the rest the world.

While the Western media do not seem very interested in the historical dimension, only through a historical analysis can show the size of the crimes committed against Palestinians in the past sixty years. Therefore, the role of alternative media activists and scholars is right in insisting on these historical contexts. These actors do not should stop educating public opinion and, hopefully, to influence politicians, more honest look at the facts in a wider historical perspective.

Similarly, we may be able to find a better way to ordinary people, as distinct from academic intellectuals, to make it clear that the policy of Israel - in the sixty years - the result of hegemonic ideology Zionism called racist, defended by many layers of sacrificial fury.

Despite the obvious accusation of anti-Semitism and the like, is time to relate the public the Zionist ideology with the historic landmark and the now-familiar ground: the ethnic cleansing of 1948, the oppression of Palestinians in Israel during the days of military rule, the brutal occupation of the West Bank and now the massacre in Gaza. Like the ideology of apartheid has explained very well the policies of government oppression in South Africa, this ideology - in its most simplistic and reflected variant, allowed all Israeli governments, past and present, to dehumanize the Palestinians wherever they were and fight to destroy them.

The means have changed from one period to another, from one place to another, as did the narrative that has hidden these atrocities. But there is a clear pattern that can only be discussed in academic ivory towers but must become part of political discourse in contemporary reality of Palestine today. Some of us, especially those who are dedicated to justice and peace in Palestine, unconsciously avoid this debate, focusing, and this is understandable, the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) - the West Bank and Gaza Strip. To fight crime policies is an urgent mission.

But this should not convey the message that the Western powers have willingly taken on the suggestion of Israel, that Palestine is only the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the Palestinians are the only people living in those territories. Should we extend the representation of Palestine geographically and demographically telling the historical narrative of the events from 1948 onwards and require equal civil and human rights for all people who live, or who were accustomed to living in what is now Israel and the Occupied Territories.

placing in relation to the Zionist ideology and policies of the past with the atrocities of this, we will be able to give a clear and logical explanation for the campaign of boycott, divestment and sanctions. With non-violent means to challenge a state ideology that is morally self-justifying, which allows with the help of a silent world, to expropriate and destroy the native population of Palestine, a cause is just and moral.

E 'is also an effective way to stimulate public opinion not only against the current genocidal policies in Gaza, but, hopefully, also to prevent future atrocities. Even more important than anything else, this should vent fury sacrificial suffocating the Palestinians whenever swells. This will help to end the immunity of the West against the impunity of Israel. Without this immunity, it is hoped that more and more people in Israel start to see the true nature of the crimes committed in their name and their rage could be directed against those who have them and the Palestinians trapped in this cycle of unnecessary bloodshed and violence. "

* Ilan Pappe (http://ilanpappe.com http://electronicintifada.net) teaches in the Department of History University of Exeter, England

Forced Male Milking Vedeoes

against shame equivalence between partisans and Republicans to defend the Constitution

endless era of the reign of Berlusconi, have seen much that nothing now is no longer news. From the definition of Mangano, murderous mobster who has worked in the villa of the Knight, as "Hero", the continued attack on the Judiciary, submitted to an incessant shooting, the estimate expressed by Dell'Utri for Mussolini until the reappearance of the Master Master of subversive Masonic Lodge P2, Licio Gelli, fascist never regretted that his heir designate as the current President of the Council. All with the aim now clear and modifying in a plebiscite held in authoritarian and the Constitution of the Republic was born after the war of liberation from fascism. In order to delegitimize the Charter, continuously working to undermine both the historical legitimacy (shamelessly attacking the Resistance and the forces that gave rise to the Constituent Assembly, the famous "Arch constitutional", restoring the history of fascism at the same time ) and institutions (indeed delegitimizing the third power of the State, the Judiciary, and mystifying a continuous media campaign, for arrive at the career separation between prosecutors and the judiciary have already called for by Licio Gelli, the idea of \u200b\u200bsubjecting the public prosecutor the authority of the Government, so as to have a different justice for rich and poor, with early and safe havens now and the other a system of "zero tolerance"). Other ball of President piduista reform has come to a presidential inauguration in order to have a plebiscite and govern without "obstacles" in parliament (now reduced to the mere passing of laws presented by the government in most cases with a vote of confidence out of all proportion and using the emergency ordinances; the rest of the election law already makes it a parliament of nobles nominated by the secretariats of the parties, that to be elected must prove only to be subservient to the leaders and Capetti), delienando a new form of state and government, in which the rich tycoon will rule the roost and free also from the many processes affecting it. Not to mention a more messy and thrust of fiscal federalism, which will see the South by major private economic Giggle and practically starved (making it fully specified under the thumb of the various mafias, which at that point will reduce some Italian regions such as Kosovo and the Balkans). These results can be obtained just trying to overhaul the nation's history (it is a process that goes on for years, aided by members the Democratic Party, cha has already done deeply in common sense) in order to clear the way our Constitution: a shameful proposal circulating in the House of dwarfs and dancing girls, ignorant of scoundrels, with an opposition that can easily be accused of " collaboration "(now the Democratic Party just pretends to oppose, opposition Italy of Values \u200b\u200bis the theme of the Justice Sector, not even expressing a political view overall), is to assimilate, through the creation of the Order of the Tricolor (" the fighters who believed Mr choice to defend the regime and wounded languishing and joined Salò ") and with a lot of living allowance, worms fascist Republican allies Nazis with the partisans of the proposed bill No. 1360 submitted by the PDL, in this case by the socialist deputy Lucio Barani. Ironically, it is a socialist deputy (New PSI) that are guilty of this treason to the Constitution (which was the Party of President Sandro Pertini partisan, the oldest party of the Italian left, anti-fascist party and workers, reduced to shreds by the worthy predecessor of Berlusconi, Craxi ducetto fugitive). Beyond the anger and the disgust towards those people and events (the Defence Minister La Russa had 2 June 2008, Republic Day, commemorating the Republicans of Salò) does not escape the overall picture of all these events: we are faced with the emptying and final attack to the Constitution of the Republic, which can not fail to alarm the anti-fascists and the true democrats of this unfortunate country.
PS: read the interview with Republic to the President Emeritus of the Constitutional Court Giuliano Vassalli clicking here , expressed on this sordid proposal.

Is Milky Cervicalmucus An Early Sign

A jewel on the historical origins of Israel

In reading an interesting text on Stalin, I shall return to a proper review, as a historical essay that refutes a number of inaccuracies involved on 'Soviet Union, says:
"A show similar readiness to seek the favor of the new rulers (Ie, Hitler and the Nazis) is also the Zionist movement. The body of the latter, "Jüdische Rundschau", remained largely immune to the wave of prohibitions and persecutions that hits the German press after the Reichstag fire, a few weeks later, April 7, 1933, and called Zionists Nazis to be "honest partner". Everything flows in 1935 into a "transfer" of 20,000 Jews in Palestine, authorized to carry almost 30 million dollars, with a strong impetus to colonization and the process would then lead to the formation of the State of Israel. "
I say no more ....
For the record, the text is as follows: D. Losurdo, "Stalin, History and criticism of a black legend ", with an essay by L. Canfora, 2008, Carocci Editore, cit. p.. 179.